Microsoft SQL Server's Always On Availability Groups have evolved significantly since their introduction in SQL Server 2012, enhancing high availability and disaster recovery capabilities.
2012: SQL Server 2012
Introduction of Always On Availability Groups: Provided a high-availability and disaster-recovery solution, supporting multiple databases, up to four secondary replicas, and automatic failover.
2014: SQL Server 2014
Increased Number of Secondary Replicas: Expanded support to eight secondary replicas, enhancing scalability and read-only workload distribution.
2016: SQL Server 2016
Basic Availability Groups: Introduced for Standard Edition, supporting a single database with one primary and one secondary replica, offering a replacement for the deprecated Database Mirroring feature.
Distributed Transactions Support: Enabled support for distributed transactions across availability groups.
2017: SQL Server 2017
Read-Scale Availability Groups: Introduced to scale out read-only workloads without requiring a failover cluster, enhancing performance for read-intensive applications.
2019: SQL Server 2019
Secondary to Primary Replica Read/Write Routing: Enhanced read/write routing capabilities, allowing read/write connections to be directed to the primary replica from secondary replicas.
Availability Groups on Kubernetes: Introduced support for deploying availability groups in Kubernetes environments, facilitating containerized application deployments.
2022: SQL Server 2022
Contained Availability Groups: Simplified management by encapsulating all availability group metadata within the group, reducing dependencies on the host server instance.
Integration with Azure SQL Managed Instance: Enhanced hybrid capabilities, allowing seamless failover to Azure SQL Managed Instance for disaster recovery scenarios.
2025: SQL Server 2025
Enhanced AI-Driven Performance Optimization: Introduced AI-driven analytics to predict and optimize performance bottlenecks within availability groups.
Expanded Cross-Platform Support: Extended support for availability groups across diverse operating systems and cloud platforms, providing greater flexibility in deployment.
Throughout these versions, Microsoft has continually improved Always On Availability Groups to provide more robust, flexible, and high-performing solutions for enterprise-level high availability and disaster recovery needs.
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